what is a class c share
What Is a Class C Share
In comparison, a front-end load carries charges paid when
the shares are bought and a back-end load assesses charges when the investor
sells shares; and no-load funds contain no commission charges at all, with the
fees simply calculated into the net asset value (NAV) of the fund.
Class-C mutual fund shares charge a level sales load set as
fixed percentage assessed each year.
This can be contrasted with front-load shares that charge
investors at time of purchase and back-end loads that charge at time of sale.
Because the annual fee can compound investor cost over time,
this class of fund is best-suited for those looking to hold fund shares for
periods of 3 years or less.
The Basics of Class C Shares
Compared to other mutual fund share classes, class C shares
often have lower expense ratios than class B shares. However, they have higher
expense ratios than class A shares. Expense ratios are the overall annual
management costs of running a mutual fund. As a result, Class C shares may be a
good option for investors with a relatively short-term horizon, who plan to
keep the mutual fund for just a few years.
The ongoing charges that constitute the C-share level load
are officially known as 12b-1 fees, named from a section of the Investment
Company Act of 1940. Total 12b-1 fees are capped at 1% annually. In this 1%
fee, distribution and marketing expenses can be up to 0.75%, while service fees
max out at 0.25%. Although designated for marketing, the 12b-1 fee primarily
serves to reward intermediaries who sell a fund's shares. In a sense, it's a
commission paid by the investor to the mutual fund every year, instead of a
transactional one
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Other mutual fund share classes come with 12b-1 fees too but
to different degrees. Those fees charged to class A shares usually are lower,
compensating for the high upfront commissions this category pays. C-shares tend
always to pay the maximum 1% and, since 12b-1 fees figure into the mutual fund's
overall expense ratio, their presence can push that annual expense ratio above
2% for the class C-shareholder.
Unlike A-shares, class C shares do not have front-end loads,
but they often carry small back-end loads, officially known as a contingent
deferred sales charge (CDSC), just as class B shares carry. However, these
loads for C shares are much smaller, typically only around 1%, and they usually
vanish once the investor has held the mutual fund for a year.
Who Should Invest in Class C Shares?
Because of the back-end load charged on short-term
redemptions, investors who plan to withdraw funds within a year may want to
avoid C-shares. On the other hand, the higher ongoing expenses associated with
C-shares make them a less-than-ideal option for long-term investors.
The differences in final values of investments with varying
fees can be immense when held for a substantial period—say, in a retirement
fund. For instance, take a $50,000 investment in a fund that returns 6% and
charges annual operating fees of 2.25%, that is held for 30 years. The final
amount the investor will receive will equal $145,093.83. A fund with the same
amount invested and the same annual returns, but with yearly operating fees of
0.45% will offer the investor significantly more, with a final value of
$250,832.55.
Class C shares would work best for investors planning to
keep the fund for a limited, intermediate period, optimally more than one year
but less than three. That way, you hold on long enough to avoid the CDSC, but
not so long that the high expense ratio will take a major toll on the fund's
overall return.
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